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RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs un-dergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA metabolism.Increasing evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered re-gions play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation.Here,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and en-ables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA metabolism.We also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,pro-tein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behav-iors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.