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目的:比较手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎在流行病学和病原学特征方面的差别，为两者的防控提供科学参考。方法:收集2019—2022年北京市哨点监测医院手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎病例的基本信息及其样本，并进行病原学检测，通过统计分析比较两者在流行病学和病原学特征方面的差异。结果:研究共纳入手足口病监测病例3 668例，疱疹性咽峡炎监测病例3 220例；手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎监测病例发病年龄中位数分别为4.2岁和4.4岁，两者在性别和人群类型构成上的差异均具有统计学意义（ P均小于0.05）；样本采集的时间分布基本吻合；手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎病例中肠道病毒检出阳性率分别为72.22%和39.88%，手足口病的病原体主要为CVA6，疱疹性咽峡炎的病原体主要为其他肠道病毒；疱疹性咽峡炎病例发热的比例高于手足口病（ χ2=137.869， P<0.01）；疱疹性咽峡炎病例从发病到就诊的时间间隔更短（ χ2=-8.422， P<0.01）。 结论:疱疹性咽峡炎与手足口病在发病年龄、性别、人群类型等方面存在一定的差别，优势病原体也不同，建议有针对性地采取防控措施，并加强病原学的检测。

Objective:To compare the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA), so as to provide scientific references for their prevention and control.Methods:The basic information and samples of HFMD and HA cases in sentinel surveillance hospitals in Beijing from 2019 to 2022 were collected, followed by etiological detection. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences in epidemiological and etiological characteristics.Results:A total of 3 668 surveillance cases of HFMD and 3 220 surveillance cases of HA were included in this study. The median ages of HFMD and HA cases were 4.2 years old and 4.4 years old, respectively, and the differences in gender and population type were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The time distribution for sample collection between HFMD and HA was basically consistent. The positive rate for enterovirus was 72.22% for HFMD compared to 39.88% for HA. CVA6 was identified as the main pathogen causing HFMD while other enteroviruses were the main pathogens causing HA. The incidence rate of fever associated with HA was higher than that observed in HFMD ( χ2=137.869, P<0.01). Patients with HA had a shorter interval from onset to treatment ( χ2=-8.422, P<0.01). Conclusions:The differences between HFMD and HA existed in age, gender, place of residence, population type, and dominant pathogens. It is recommended to implement targeted prevention measures and to strengthen etiological detection.