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目的:比较不同种鼻病毒（human rhinovirus，HRV）呼吸道感染病例的临床特征以及发生肺炎和重症肺炎的风险。方法:利用北京呼吸道病原体监测网络，对北京35家哨点医院急性呼吸道感染患者进行监测。利用调查表收集入组病例的流行病学和临床数据。采集呼吸道样本，对样本进行HRV核酸检测，并通过对VP4/2测序进行基因分型，结合临床资料和基因分型结果，采用logistic回归分析HRV肺炎与重症肺炎危险因素。结果:2018年1月至2022年12月，共检测462例HRV阳性病例，其中430例成功收集临床资料（上呼吸道感染145例，肺炎239例、重症肺炎46例），359例成功进行基因分型，其中HRV-A 247例，HRV-B 42例、HRV-C 70例。HRV-B或HRV-C感染，发生住院比例均高于HRV-A。多因素logistic回归分析表明，60岁以上年龄、C-反应蛋白（CRP）增加、HRV种别（HRV-B与HRV-C）、合并感染为HRV肺炎的4个独立危险因素；呼吸频率异常，血氧饱和度低是HRV重症肺炎的危险因素。结论:HRV-B或HRV-C感染发生肺炎的风险和住院比例均高于HRV-A，但三种病毒在发生重症肺炎的风险方面，没有明显的差异。

Objective:To compare the clinical features of respiratory infections caused by different types of human rhinovirus (HRV) and assess the risk factors for pneumonia and severe pneumonia.Methods:The acute respiratory infection patients in 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing were surveyed based on Beijing Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance System. The questionnaires were used to collect epidemiological and clinical data of enrolled patients. Respiratory samples were collected to detect HRV nucleic acid, and genotyping was performed via VP4/2 sequencing. Logistic regression analysis, in combination with clinical and genotyping data, was used to identify risk factors pneumonia and severe pneumonia associated with HRV.Results:From January 2018 to December 2022, 462 HRV-positive cases were detected. The clinical data successfully obtained from 430 of the cases (including 145 upper respiratory infection cases, 239 pneumonia cases, and 46 severe pneumonia cases). Genotypes were identified successfully in 359 cases, including HRV-A (247 cases), HRV-B (42 cases) and HRV-C (70 cases). However, the hospitalization rates for HRV-B and HRV-C infections were higher than those for HRV-A. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that over 60 years old of age, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, HRV type (HRV-B and HRV-C), and co-infection were the independent risk factors for HRV pneumonia while abnormal respiratory rate and low blood oxygen saturation were risk factors for severe HRV pneumonia.Conclusions:No type-specific clinical symptom was observed among HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C infections. The risk of developing pneumonia and the proportion of hospitalizations were higher for HRV-B and HRV-C infections compared to HRV-A. However, there were no significant differences in the risk of severe pneumonia among the three viruses.