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晕厥是一种由于一过性脑灌注低下而引发的姿势无法维持的临床症状，根据 2018 年欧洲心脏病学会指南分为四种类型，其中血管迷走性晕厥（vasovagal syncope,VVS）是儿童及青少年最常见的晕厥原因。VVS患儿会出现头晕、恶心、胸闷、意识丧失等表现，反复晕厥给儿童身心健康及生活质量造成了极大的困扰，部分患儿出现焦虑、抑郁症状，因此了解VVS的发病机制非常重要。在过去的研究中，VVS病理生理学方面取得了一定进展，主要涉及贝亚反射、自主神经功能紊乱、体液调节失衡、血管内皮系统障碍及基因异常等。该综述对VVS发病机制进行概括总结，以期为临床医生对不明原因的晕厥患儿诊治提供帮助。

Syncope is a clinical symptom characterized by an inability to maintain posture due to transient cerebral hypoperfusion. According to the 2018 European Society of Cardiology guidelines，syncope is divided into four types，among which vasovagal syncope（VVS）is the most common cause of syncope in children and adolescents. Children with VVS may experience symptoms such as dizziness，nausea，chest discomfort，and loss of consciousness. Recurrent syncope poses significant distress to the physical and mental health and quality of life of children. Some affected children display symptoms of anxiety and depression，making it crucial to understand the pathogenesis of VVS. In past research，some progress has been made in the pathophysiology of VVS，mainly involving the Bezold-Jarisch reflex，autonomic nervous dysfunction，fluid regulation imbalance，endothelial system disorders，and genetic disorder. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis of VVS，facilitating clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of children with syncope of unknown cause.