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胎儿炎症反应综合征(FIRS)是一种以全身炎症反应和胎儿血浆白细胞介素-6水平升高为特征的疾病，常导致早产及全身多系统损伤，造成新生儿发病率、死亡率升高。累及肺部可导致新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征和支气管肺发育不良。现就其发病机制及对肺部疾病的影响进行综述，以期引起临床医师的关注，并为探究有效的预防和治疗措施提供方向。

Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is a condition with high morbidity and mortality characterized by systemic inflammatory reactions and elevated fetal plasma interleukin-6 levels, often leading to premature delivery and damage to multiple organ systems.Pulmonary involvement may lead to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.This article summarizes the pathogenesis of FIRS and its influence on pulmonary diseases, with a view to increasing clinicians′ awareness of FIRS and providing directions for exploring effective prevention and treatment.