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由于剖宫产率的增加，继发性不孕的人数增多，从而使剖宫产术后接受辅助生殖技术（assisted reproductive technology，ART）助孕治疗的患者也逐渐增加，但目前关于剖宫产术对ART妊娠结局的影响尚存争议。研究显示剖宫产切口瘢痕可能通过改变子宫解剖结构、降低子宫内膜容受性、破坏宫腔微生态环境等影响胚胎着床，从而增加反复种植失败、复发性流产及异位妊娠等风险。瘢痕修补术是改善此类患者助孕结局的有效手段，近年来宫腔灌注、抑制异常宫缩、抗生素治疗等也成为改善宫腔环境的新思路。本文基于剖宫产瘢痕子宫与后续生育力的关系，围绕其影响ART妊娠结局的可能机制及处理方案展开综述，为临床工作提供参考。

Due to the formation of scars in the local uterus during cesarean section, the subsequent natural pregnancy of these patients is affected and they receive assisted reproductive technology (ART) for pregnancy treatment. However, the impact of cesarean section on the pregnancy outcomes of ART is still controversial. Studies have shown that poor scar healing after cesarean section is related to changes in uterine anatomy, weakened endometrial receptivity, and imbalance in uterine microenvironment, which is not conducive to embryo implantation and increases the risk of recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage. Scar diverticulum repair is an effective method to improve the pregnancy outcomes of patients with scarred uterus. In recent years, uterine perfusion, inhibition of uterine contractions, and the application of antibiotics have also become new ideas to improve the uterine environment. Based on the relationship between cesarean section scarred uterus and subsequent fertility, this article reviews the possible mechanisms and treatment options that affect the pregnancy outcomes of ART, providing clinical evidence for daily practice.