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感染后闭塞性支气管炎是指感染所致含软骨的中小支气管闭塞，以非阻塞性肺不张为主要表现。其临床表现轻重不一，尚无确切有效的治疗方案，严重者可因患侧肺反复感染、呼吸衰竭而死亡。随着支气管镜术在儿科的推广应用，支气管镜在感染后闭塞性支气管炎早期干预、诊断及选择性复通介入治疗方面的应用越来越得到重视，及时识别感染后闭塞性支气管炎的高危因素，及时干预治疗改善通气、减少反复感染是改善预后的重要环节。

Post-infectious bronchitis obliterans refers to cartilage-containing obliteration of small and medium-sized bronchial obliterations due to infection，with nonobstructive atelectasis as the main manifestation.Its clinical manifestations vary from mild to severe，and there is no definite and effective treatment plan，and severe cases can die due to repeated infections and respiratory failure of the affected lung.With the popularization and application of bronchoscopy in pediatrics，the application of bronchoscopy in the early intervention，diagnosis and selective reversal interventional treatment of post-infectious bronchitis obliterans has received more and more attention.It is important to identify the risk factors of post-infectious bronchitis obliterans during early stage，so as to intervene in time to improve airway ventilation and reduce the probability of recurrent respiratory tract infections.