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神经母细胞瘤（neuroblastoma，NB）是儿童最常见的颅外实体肿瘤。早期NB可自发消退或者单纯手术切除便能获得良好预后，但晚期NB患儿尽管采取了强化治疗措施，5年生存率仍低于40%，半数患儿预后不佳。外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的细胞外小囊泡，富含脂质、蛋白质、核酸，在促进NB发生、发展以及参与肿瘤转移和免疫逃逸中起着重要作用。本研究对外泌体在神经母细胞瘤中的研究进展进行综述，以期为临床提供参考。

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Early NB has a decent prognosis with spontaneous regression or surgical resection alone. However, despite intensive treatments, 5-year survival rate of children with advanced NB has remained under 40% and half of them have a poor prognosis. As small extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of cells, exosomes are rich in lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Playing an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of NB, exosomes also participate in tumor metastasis and immune escape. This review summarized the latest researches of exosomes in neuroblastoma to provide references for clinical practices.