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糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是与持续高血糖相关的一种慢性、进行性、潜在危害视力的视网膜微血管疾病，若不能得到及时有效治疗，将严重损害视力，给患者生活带来极大不便。DR的发生和发展涉及血－视网膜屏障损害、炎症、神经退行性变等多种机制。房水和玻璃体液能直接反映眼球内环境的改变，对眼内病变的进展有很好的提示作用。近年来，眼内液中多种细胞因子在DR发病过程中的变化、对病程进展的影响及治疗后的改变已得到广泛关注。本文将针对DR患者眼内液中多种血管生成相关细胞因子，如血管内皮生长因子、胎盘生长因子、半乳糖凝集素1、血管紧张素1(Ang1)、Ang2及炎症相关细胞因子，如肿瘤坏死因子α、细胞间黏附分子1、血管内皮细胞黏附分子1、单核细胞趋化蛋白1、转化生长因子β、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10的变化、糖尿病黄斑水肿和增生性DR治疗前后细胞因子的变化及其意义进行综述，为探寻DR新的、个性化的临床治疗方案提供潜在靶点，为改善DR患者的预后提供理论依据。

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a chronic, progressive and potentially harmful retinal microvascular disease that is associated with persistent hyperglycemia.Without timely and effective treatment, it will seriously damage the vision of patients and bring great inconvenience to their lives.The development of DR involves various mechanisms such as blood-retinal barrier damage, inflammation and neurodegeneration.Intraocular fluids, including aqueous humor and vitreous fluid, can directly reflect the changes in the intraocular environment and have a good indication of the progress of intraocular lesions.In recent years, the changes of various cytokines in intraocular fluid during the occurrence of DR and their influence on the disease course and their changes after treatment have been widely studied.This article focuses on the changes in angiogenesis-related cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, galectin-1, angiotensin 1 (Ang1), Ang2 and inflammation-related cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the intraocular fluid of DR patients, and the changes of these cytokines and the significance after treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR to provide potential targets for exploring new and personalized clinical treatment and theoretical basis to improve the prognosis of patients with DR.