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Objective:The primary cause of microvascular disease in diabetic complications is long-term hyperglycemia,wherein the damage and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells play a significant role.Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate(STS)has been found to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health.This study aimed to investigate the impact of STS on high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress damage in vascular endothelial cells,as well as its potential protective mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were divided into five groups:low-glucose group,high-glucose group,and three STS groups(STS-a,STS-b,and STS-c).The low-glucose group was incubated with DMEM low-sugar medium containing 5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose,while the high-glucose group was treated with 33.3 mmol·L-1 glucose.The STS groups were exposed to 10,30,and 50 μg·mL-1 of STS,respectively.Each group was cultured for 72 h,and the MTT method was utilized to assess cell proliferation.Additionally,flow cytometry was employed to monitor changes in cell apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress indicators at 24,48,and 72 h of cell culture in each group.Results:As time went on,the cell proliferation ability and apoptosis rate of each group gradually increased.The high-glucose group exhibited lower proliferation ability compared to the other groups.The STS-c group demonstrated the highest OD value for proliferation ability(24 h:1.19±0.12;48 h:1.20±0.13;72 h:1.25±0.12),but it was still lower than that of the low-sugar group.Notably,the high-glucose group had the highest cell apoptosis rate,while the low-glucose group had the lowest.The apoptosis rate of the STS-c group(24 h:8.02±0.13;48 h:10.10±0.12;72 h:13.18±0.11)%was between that of the low-glucose group and the high-glucose group,and lower than the STS-a and STS-b groups.Furthermore,the high-glucose group exhibited the highest malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthase activities,as well as superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide levels,whereas the low-glucose group showed the opposite pattern.The oxidative stress damage-related indicators of cells in the three STS groups were between those of the high-glucose and low-glucose groups,with the STS-c group displaying the most significant changes.Conclusion:Tanshinone IIA has a potential therapeutic effect on high glucose-induced vascular injury by improving the oxidative stress state of vascular endothelial cells and reducing cell apoptosis,which suggests a new strategy for preventing and treating diabetes-related microangiopathy.