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外科手术是直肠癌诊疗体系的核心。相比于传统腹腔镜手术，机器人手术最显著的技术优势是能在狭窄空间内完成精细灵活的操作，也因此尤其适合直肠癌手术。随着机器人直肠癌手术的开展，越来越多的证据显示，机器人手术的技术优势正逐步体现在治疗效果上。目前随机对照研究和大样本队列研究提示，机器人直肠癌手术相比于腹腔镜手术在短期效果（中转开放率和并发症发生率等）方面有一定的优势，在标本质量方面相当；长期效果相关的证据则相对较少。本文中我们将回顾机器人直肠癌手术领域的循证医学证据，总结新近的研究进展和热点，并展望机器人直肠癌手术的发展前景。

Surgery takes up the core position in the treatment for rectal cancer. Compared to traditional laparoscopic surgery, the most significant technological advantage of robotic surgery is its ability to perform precise and dexterous procedures in narrow spaces, making it particularly suitable for rectal surgery. With the development of robotic surgery of rectal cancer, accumulating evidence suggests that the technological advantages of robotic surgery are gradually demonstrated in treatment effect. Several randomized controlled trials and large cohorts suggest that robotic rectal cancer surgery has certain advantages over laparoscopic surgery in terms of short-term outcomes (conversion rate, incidence of complication, etc.), and is comparable in terms of specimen quality. Evidence concerning long-term outcomes remains limited. In this article, we will review evidence in the field of robotic surgery of rectal cancer, summarize recent progress, and envision future development.