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目的:探索中国青少年对身体姿态的认知和知识储备现状。方法:基于健康信念模式的理论框架设计包含身体姿态健康信念和身体姿态健康知识的儿童青少年身体姿态调查问卷。采用分层整群抽样，选取6省(市)72所学校的3 513名学生进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 25.0进行描述性分析、秩和检验和卡方检验。结果:(1)身体姿态健康信念的所有维度得分均随学段上升而下降，小学、初中和高中学生中，感知易感性得分分别为(27.32±4.28)分、(26.51±4.59)分、(25.87±3.68)分，感知严重性得分分别为(27.27±5.26)分、(26.30±5.44)分、(25.52±4.91)分，感知益处得分分别为(21.10±2.93)分、(20.57±3.19)分、(20.00±2.93)分，感知障碍得分分别为(24.18±5.24)分、(23.14±5.04)分、(22.63±4.51)分，自我效能得分分别为(24.64±3.19)分、(24.12±3.31)分、(23.58±3.11)分，差异有统计学意义( H＝78.27，80.98，71.40，56.74，53.73，均 P<0.01)。(2)家庭社会经济地位较好学生和城市学生感知易感性、感知严重性和感知益处得分高于其他学生(均 P<0.01)。(3)知识掌握方面，知识掌握较好、一般和较差的学生占比分别为5.5%(193/3 513)、69.5%(2 440/3 513)和25.0%(880/3 513)。城市、乡镇、农村学生中，知识掌握较好学生占比分别为6.6%(961/1 461)、3.7%(39/1 043)和2.7%(27/1 009)，城乡差异有统计学意义( χ2＝36.67， P<0.01)；处境有利、处境中等和处境不利学生中，知识掌握情况较好学生占比分别为8.9%(87/974)、5.0%(80/1 595)和2.8%(26/944)，差异有统计学意义( χ2＝41.79， P<0.01)。 结论:青少年身体姿态健康知识欠缺，对脊柱健康的风险因素认知不足，采纳健康行为面临明显障碍，需加强对高中生、乡镇和农村学生、家庭社会经济地位较低学生的健康教育。

Objective:To explore the current status of body posture health belief and knowledge mastery among Chinese adolescents.Methods:Adolescents’ body posture questionnaire was designed based on health belief model including health belief and health knowlege about body posture.The survey was conducted on 72 classes in 6 provinces using stratified cluster sampling, and 3 513 valid questionnaires were obtained.Descriptive analysis, the rank sum test, and χ2-test were used for statistical analysis by SPSS 25.0 software. Results:(1) The scores of all dimensions of body posture health belief decreased with the increase of academic stage.In participants from primary schools, middle schools and high schools, the scores of perceived susceptibility were (27.32±4.28), (26.51±4.59), and (25.87±3.68)respectively, the scores of perceived severity were(27.27±5.26), (26.30±5.44), and (25.52±4.91)respectively, the scores of perceived benefits were (21.10±2.93), (20.57±3.19), and (20.00±2.93)respectively, the scores of perceived barriers were (24.18±5.24), (23.14±5.04), and (22.63±4.51)respectively, the scores of self-efficacy were (24.64±3.19), (24.12±3.31), and (23.58±3.11) respectively, and the differences were all statistically significant among different academic stages ( H=78.27, 80.98, 71.40, 56.74, 53.73, all P<0.01).(2) Participants with better family socioeconomic status and urban participants had higher scores in perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits than other participants (all P<0.01).(3)In terms of knowlege mastery, the proportions of students with good, general and poor knowledge mastery were 5.5%(193/3 513), 69.5%(2 440/3 513) and 25%(880/3 513).Among urban, town and rural adolescents, the proportion of students with good knowledge mastery were 6.6%(961/1 461), 3.7%(39/1 043), and 2.7%(27/1 009), respectively, and there was a statistical difference between urban and rural areas ( χ2=36.67, P<0.01).Among adolescents with good, general and poor family socioeconomic status, the proportion of students with good knowledge mastery were 8.9%(87/974), 5.0%(80/1 595) and 2.8%(26/944), respectively ( χ2=41.79, P<0.01). Conclusion:Adolescents lack health knowledge of body posture and awareness of the related risk factors, and have difficulty in adopting health behaviors.Adolescents from high school, rural areas and families with lower socioeconomic status need more targeted spine-related health education.