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中国是食管癌高发国家之一，不同于欧美国家，我国食管癌在组织学分类上以食管鳞状细胞癌为主。手术是非转移性食管鳞癌的主要治疗手段，然而对于局部晚期食管癌，单纯手术治疗效果欠佳。研究证实新辅助治疗能够改善患者的生存，已成为局部晚期可切除食管癌患者的标准治疗。随着免疫治疗时代的到来，免疫检查点抑制剂联合化疗已成为晚期食管癌的一线标准治疗，其与传统的新辅助治疗方案相结合，可能为食管癌治疗带来新的希望。

China is one of the countries with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Different from European and American countries, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the main histological classification of esophageal cancer in China. Surgery is the main treatment for non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but for locally advanced esophageal cancer, surgery alone is not effective. Research has confirmed that neoadjuvant therapy can improve patient survival and has become the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer patients. With the advent of the era of immunotherapy, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has become the first-line standard treatment for advanced esophageal cancer. When combined with traditional neoadjuvant therapy, it may bring new hope for the treatment of esophageal cancer. This article reviews the research progress of perioperative immunotherapy strategies for non metastatic esophageal cancer, in order to provide a basis for selecting reasonable treatment plans.