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目的:观察高压氧（HBO）治疗对糖尿病并发抑郁症（DD）大鼠认知功能的影响及腺苷和腺苷A1受体（A1R）的作用。方法:按照随机数字表法将48只雄性健康SD大鼠分成4组，空白对照组，糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠模型组、HBO治疗组、腺苷A1R选择性抑制剂DPCPX组，每组12只。通过Morris水迷宫和旷场实验评估大鼠学习记忆力、空间探索能力和兴奋性变化。结果:HBO治疗后，糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠的学习记忆力、空间探索能力和兴奋性明显提高（ P<0.01），DPCPX能显著抑制HBO的治疗作用（ P<0.01）。 结论:HBO治疗可明显改善DD大鼠的认知功能，且腺苷及腺苷A1R在其中发挥重要作用。

Objective:To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）therapy on the cognitive function in rats with diabetic complications and depression（DD），and investigate the role of adenosine and adenosine A1 receptors（A1R）.Methods:A total of 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups using the random number table method：blank control group，rats with DD model group，HBO treatment group，and adenosine A1 receptor selective inhibitor（DPCPX）group，with 12 rats in each group. Morris water maze and open field experiments were used for assessing the learning and memory，spatial exploration ability，and excitability changes of rats.Results:After HBO therapy，the learning and memory，spatial exploration ability，and excitability of rats with DD were significantly improved（ P<0.01）. The adenosine A1 receptor selective inhibitor significantly inhibited the therapeutic effect of HBO（ P<0.01）。 Conclusion:HBO therapy can significantly improve the cognitive function of rats with diabetic complications and depression，and adenosine and adenosine A1 receptors play crucial roles in this process.