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我国结核病病例数在全球位居第三，随着人口老龄化趋势的加剧，老年结核病疾病负担也面临着巨大挑战。老年人免疫功能减退、结核病内源性复燃及外源性再感染、营养不良等因素直接影响疾病的预后。其中，营养不良是结核病重要危险因素。而结核病属于消耗性疾病，病情的进展又加重了营养不良的发生，两者相互影响，互为因果。为加强老年结核病营养状况的的重视程度，本文就老年结核病患者营养现状、营养评价意义及营养状况评价方法等进行综述，比较其应用现况及使用限制，以帮助医务人员根据患者情况选择适合的营养状况评价工具。

China has the third largest number of tuberculosis cases in the world. As the population ages，there are increasing challenges related to tuberculosis in the elderly. The declined immune function，the endogenous resurgence and exogenous reinfection of tuberculosis，malnutrition and other factors directly affect the prognosis of the disease in elderly patients，among which malnutrition is particularly important. Tuberculosis is a consumptive disease，and the progress of the disease aggravates the occurrence of malnutrition. Malnutrition and tuberculosis are reciprocal causation and react with each other. This article reviews the nutritional status of elderly tuberculosis patients，the significance and methods of nutritional assessment，its current application and limitations，to provide reference of clinical nutritional assessment for elderly tuberculosis patients.