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乙型肝炎核心抗体（抗-HBc）在慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者的病程分期、肝脏炎症及纤维化预测、抗病毒疗效预测及停药后病毒再激活预测等方面广泛应用。但近年来研究发现，抗-HBc阳性对合并其他病毒感染（如 HCV、HDV和HIV）、恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性肝病、代谢相关脂肪性肝病、风湿性疾病等患者的疾病进展及预后存在相互影响。本文就抗-HBc在这些特殊人群中的应用及研究进展进行了综述，为此类患者病情评估和临床治疗提供依据。

Hepatitis B virus core antibody（anti-HBc）is widely used in the disease staging，prediction of liver inflammation and fibrosis，antiviral efficacy and virus reactivation after drug withdrawal in patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB）. Recent studies have found that the positive anti-HBc status may interact with disease progression and prognosis in patients with other viral infections（such as HCV，HDV and HIV），malignant tumors，autoimmune liver diseases，metabolic-associated fatty liver disease，and rheumatic diseases. This article reviews the research progress on the application of anti-HBc detection in these special patients，to provide reference for their disease assessment and clinical treatment.