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针状肾镜联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾盏憩室结石的安全性和疗效

Clinical study and efficacy evaluation of Needle-perc combined with RIRS in the treatment of complex calyceal diverticular stone

摘要:

目的:探讨顺行针状肾镜(Needle-perc)联合逆行输尿管软镜(RIRS)技术治疗复杂性肾盏憩室结石的安全性和疗效。方法:回顾性分析北京清华长庚医院2020年1月至2022年12月收治的23例复杂性肾盏憩室结石患者的病例资料,复杂因素主要包括憩室颈口隐匿、结石体积较大、解剖位置特殊等,行单一RIRS或经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗困难或失败。男14例,女9例。年龄(42.3±6.1)岁。3例为上盏憩室结石,结石大小(0.9±0.2)cm;9例为中盏后组憩室结石,结石大小(1.2±0.3)cm;4例为中盏前组憩室结石,结石大小(1.8±0.2)cm;7例为下盏憩室结石,结石大小(1.3±0.1)cm。12例于外院行RIRS,术中因憩室颈口隐匿或肾盂肾下盏漏斗夹角过小未发现结石或碎石困难;3例行PCNL因通道建立失败终止手术;8例于我院首诊。男性患者取斜仰卧截石位、女性患者取俯卧分腿位,采用针状肾镜联合RIRS的顺逆行双镜联合方式治疗。针状肾镜穿刺均在全超声引导下完成,术中通过注射亚甲蓝或双镜互为引导下寻找憩室颈并用钬激光切开扩大出口。根据结石大小和位置分别采用单一针状肾镜下激光碎石联合软镜取石,或双镜下同时使用双激光碎石并取石。记录一期净石率、手术时间、血红蛋白下降值、手术并发症、术后住院时间等。结果:本研究23例均一期顺利完成手术。手术时间(61.5±12.2)min。术后血红蛋白下降(3.6±0.4)g/L。术后住院时间(2.8±0.6)d。3例术后发热,1例出现肾被膜下积液,经抗感染、对症治疗后好转出院。未发生输血、腹腔脏器损伤和尿源性脓毒症等Clavien-Dindo≥Ⅱ级并发症。术后48 h内和1个月的净石率分别为78.2%(18/23)和100.0%(23/23),结论:采用顺行针状肾镜联合逆行RIRS技术治疗复杂性肾盏憩室结石安全、可行,可有效提高一期手术成功率,具有净石率高、损伤小、术后并发症少等优势。

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abstracts:

Objective:To retrospectively analyze and summarize the clinical experience and therapeutic effect of anterograde Needle-perc combined with RIRS, namely N+ R (Needle perc + RIRS) technique in the treatment of complex calyceal diverticular stone.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 23 cases of complex renal caliceal diverticulum stones admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. The complex factors mainly include the invisible cervical orifice of diverticulum, large stone volume, and special anatomical location, which makes single RIRS or PCNL treatment difficult or unsuccessful. There were 14 males and 9 females with an average age of (42.3±6.1) years. Three cases were upper calyceal diverticular stone, average size was (0.9±0.2)cm. Nine patients had diverticular stone in the middle posterior calyx, and the average size was (1.2±0.3)cm. The average size of four diverticular stone was (1.8±0.2)cm in the anterior middle calyx. Seven patients had diverticular stone with an average size of (1.3±0.1)cm in lower calyx. Among them, 12 patients underwent RIRS which were difficult or stone undiscovered, and 3 patients underwent PCNL and the operation was terminated due to failure of channel establishment. In our center, oblique supine lithotomy position (male) or prone split-leg position (female) was adopted, and the combined treatment of Needle-perc and RIRS was performed. Needle-perc puncture was completed under the guidance of full ultrasound. During the operation, methylene blue reagent or mutual guidance of two endoscopes was used to find the diverticulum neck and expand the outlet with holmium laser incision. Depending on the size and location of the stones, a single Needle-perc laser lithotripsy combined with stone removal in flexible ureteroscope was used, or dual lasers were be used simultaneously for stone removal under double endoscopes. The first stage stone free rate, operation time, hemoglobin decrease, complications, postoperative hospital stay and other conditions were analyzed.Results:All the 23 operations were completed successfully. The stone free rate within 48 hours and one month after surgery was 78.2% and 100.0% respectively. The average operation time was (61.5±12.2)min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (2.8±0.6) days. The mean decrease of hemoglobin was (3.6±0.4)g/L. Three patients had fever and one patient had renal subcapsular effusion. After anti-inflammatory and symptomatic treatment, the patient was discharged. There was no incidence of Clavien-Dindo≥Ⅱcomplications such as blood transfusion, abdominal organ injury or urosepsis.Conclusions:Treatment of complex renal caliceal diverticulum stones using N+ R technique of anterograde needle-perc combined with RIRS can effectively improve the success rate of first-stage surgery. Overall, it is safe, efficient and feasible with the advantages of high stone free rate, lower damage, and few postoperative complications.

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