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目的:探讨糖尿病听力下降与糖尿病微血管并发症的相关性。方法:本研究为横断面研究。收集2022年9月至2023年7月在南部战区总医院内分泌科住院的糖尿病患者572例，所有入组糖尿病患者均需前往耳鼻喉科进行电测听、声导抗检查，根据电测听结果判断是否患有糖尿病听力下降分为听力正常组和听力下降组。同时纳入南部战区总医院门诊572例非糖尿病患者作为非糖尿病组。收集患者的一般资料和实验室检查结果，并采用 t检验、秩和检验或 χ2检验比较，采用二元 logistic回归分析评价糖尿病听力下降与糖尿病肾脏病(diabetic kidney disease, DKD)和糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)、糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPN)的关系。 结果:共纳入572例糖尿病患者，其中听力下降组和听力正常组患者分别为429例和143例。 χ2检验显示听力下降组与听力正常组之间合并DKD、DPN差异具有统计学意义，而2组之间合并DR差异无统计学意义。利用多因素二元 logistic回归分析发现DKD与DPN为听力下降的危险因素，但在DR中未发现两者存在相关性。 结论:当糖尿病患者合并DKD或DPN时，需警惕听力下降的发生，及时进行听力筛查，及早诊治，避免造成严重的听力损失。

Objective:To investigate the correlation between hearing loss and microvascular complications in diabetes.Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted the data from 572 patients with diabetes hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from September 2022 to July 2023. All participants underwent electrical audiometry and acoustic immittance in the ENY department. Based on the audiometric results, participants were categorized into normal hearing group and hearing loss group. Additionally, 572 non-diabetic patients from the outpatient department were enrolled as the non-diabetic group. The general information and laboratory results were collected and compared using t test, rank sum test or χ2 test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of diabetic hearing loss with diabetic kidney disease(DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Results:Among 572 patients with diabetes, 429 suffered from hearing loss and 143 were normal. χ2 test showed significant differences in combined DKD and DPN between two groups, but not in DR. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified DKD and DPN as risk factors for hearing loss, but no correlation was found with DR. Conclusion:Diabetic patients with DKD or DPN should be monitored for potential hearing loss. Early screening and treatment are crucial to prevent severe hearing impairment.