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脂肪组织包括3种类型：储存能量的白色脂肪组织、消耗能量的棕色脂肪组织及白色脂肪组织褐变产生的米色脂肪组织。大量研究表明脂肪组织对机体的能量代谢发挥重要作用，但因机体对脂肪组织的调控机制非常复杂，目前通过调控脂肪组织功能治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的手段有限。本文在分别回顾了不同类型脂肪组织特性及功能的基础上，重点介绍了中枢下丘脑参与调控外周脂肪组织功能的核团，并归纳和比较了目前通过调节棕色脂肪组织和米色脂肪组织的产热功能治疗代谢性疾病的研究现状，有助于未来更好的研发靶向药物治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病。

There are three types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue that stores energy, brown adipose tissue that expends energy, and beige adipose tissue which results from the browning of white adipose tissue. Research has established that adipose tissue is vital for energy metabolism. However, the complex regulatory mechanisms limit the development of effective therapeutic strategies for obesity and related metabolic diseases. This review explores the characteristics and functions of adipose tissue types, emphasizing the role of central hypothalamic nuclei in regulating peripheral adipose tissue function Additionally, it provides a summary and comparison of current research on leveraging brown and beige adipose tissue thermogenesis as a treatment for metabolic diseases, offering insights for the advancement of targeted therapies for obesity and related disorders.