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随着再生医学的不断发展，间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体（mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome，MSC-Exo）凭借其促进组织再生、生物相容性好、易于深入组织等优点越来越受到研究人员的青睐，其具体机制也越发成为研究热点。在心胸外科领域，有关MSC-Exo的作用也已逐渐受到重视，目前在心脏病领域、肺疾病领域、肺移植领域以及气管移植与食管修复领域均有相关研究。本文对现有的关于MSC-Exo在心胸外科领域的研究以及其机制与结果进行了系统的整理以期为未来更多的相关研究提供参考。

With continuous developments of regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-Exo) has attracted a growing attention of researchers with their inherent advantages of promoting tissue regeneration, an excellent biocompatibility and a great ease of penetration into tissues. Its specific mechanism has become a research hotspot. In cardiothoracic surgery, the role of MSC-Exo has been gradually examined. Currently the relevant studies have been conducted in the fields of cardiology, ung disease, lung transplant, tracheal transplantation and esophageal repair. The latest researches on MSC-Exo in the field of cardiothoracic surgery as well as its mechanism and outcomes were systematically summarized to provide references for more related researches in the future.