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越来越多的证据表明轴突变性是神经退行性疾病的早期病理特征。无菌α和Toll白介素受体基序蛋白1（SARM1）是髓样分化因子88适配器家族中的独特成员，可通过Toll样/白细胞介素-1受体结构域影响烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的活性，促进轴突变性的发生。本文主要围绕SARM1在肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、帕金森病、多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病中的作用以及靶向SARM1治疗上述神经退行性疾病的策略研究进展进行综述，以期为研发这些疾病的新型治疗方式提供思路。

Axonal degeneration is an early pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is a unique member of the Myd88 adapter family; its Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain promotes the process of axonal degeneration through regulating the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide activity. This article reviews the role of SARM1 in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, and their SARM1-targeted corresponding treatment strategies, to provide ideas for new intervention and treatment strategies.