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脑类淋巴系统（GS）又称脑胶质淋巴系统，在维持大脑内环境稳定方面发挥着重要的作用。既往研究发现，脑小血管病（CSVD）的发生与GS功能障碍相关。沿血管周围间隙弥散张量成像分析（DTI-ALPS）技术作为神经影像学中的一种新兴无创方法，在评估中枢神经系统疾病GS功能方面取得了显著的进展。本文从DTI-ALPS技术的原理、DTI-ALPS指数与GS关系、DTI-ALPS指数与CSVD不同影像学标志物以及CSVD认知障碍关系等方面进行综述，以期为CSVD的早期诊断、进展和预后评估提供帮助。

Glymphatic system (GS), also known as glial-lymphatic system, plays a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous research has established a link between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and GS dysfunction. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), an emerging non-invasive neuroimaging technique, has made significant strides in assessing GS function in central nervous system diseases. This review examines the DTI-ALPS principles, and relations of DTI-ALPS index with glymphatic circulation, various imaging markers of CSVD, and CSVD-related cognitive impairment, aiming to facilitate the early diagnosis, progression, and prognoses of CSVD.