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目的:探讨G蛋白耦联受体55（G protein-coupled receptor 55，GPR55）拮抗剂CID16020046在小鼠肾脏纤维化中的作用，为肾脏纤维化治疗提供新的方法和思路。方法:（1）在体外大鼠肾脏成纤维细胞（NRK-49F）中分别过表达GPR55和使用GPR55拮抗剂CID16020046，同时使用转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）刺激，观察纤维化相关因子和炎性因子的表达。（2）体内构建单侧输尿管梗阻（unilateral ureteral obstruction，UUO）小鼠肾脏纤维化模型，将8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠（20～25 g）按照随机数字表法随机分为3组：假手术组（Sham组， n=6）、造模组（UUO组， n=7）、造模+CID16020046药物组（UUO+CID组， n=8），UUO+CID组在造模前1 d、造模当日和术后每日均腹腔注射药物CID16020046（10 mg/kg），每日1次，Sham组和UUO组均腹腔注射对应剂量的0.9%生理盐水。UUO术后7 d处死小鼠取材，检测其肾功能指标、肝脏转氨酶、心肌标志物，Western印迹和实时荧光定量PCR检测肾脏纤维化相关因子和炎性因子的表达，免疫组化、天狼猩红染色、Masson三色染色检测肾组织的病理改变。 结果:（1）使用TGF-β1刺激NRK-49F细胞后，GPR55 mRNA和蛋白表达量均明显增加（均 P<0.05）；TGF-β1组和TGF-β1+GPR55过表达质粒组纤维化相关因子纤连蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（Collagen Ⅰ）和炎性因子白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α mRNA表达的差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）；与TGF-β1组比较，TGF-β1+CID组纤维化相关因子α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、波形蛋白（Vimentin）蛋白及Collagen Ⅰ、α-SMA mRNA表达均较低（均 P<0.05）。（2）与Sham组比较，UUO组GPR55 mRNA和蛋白表达均较高（均 P<0.05）。与UUO组比较，UUO+CID组血清肌酐较低（ P<0.05），两组血尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶同工酶的差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。与UUO组比较，UUO+CID组肾组织纤维化相关因子纤连蛋白、Collagen Ⅰ、Vimentin蛋白及纤连蛋白、Collagen Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白、α-SMA mRNA表达均较低，肾小管扩张和间质胶原纤维沉积程度显著较轻（均 P<0.05）。 结论:CID16020046可降低UUO小鼠血清肌酐，保护肾功能，同时可降低肾脏成纤维细胞和小鼠肾组织纤维化相关因子表达，减轻肾脏纤维化。

Objective:To explore the effects of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) antagonist CID16020046 on renal fibrosis in mice, and provide a new method and idea for the treatment of renal fibrosis.Methods:(1) GPR55 overexpression and GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 were used in renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) of rats, respectively. Meanwhile,transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was applied in the NRK-49F cells to observe the expression of fibrosis-related factors and inflammatory factors. (2) A mouse model of renal fibrosis with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established in vivo. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (20-25 g) were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method: sham group ( n=6), model group (UUO group, n=7), model + CID16020046 drug (UUO+CID group, n=8). The drug CID16020046 (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 day before modeling, on the day of modeling and every day after surgery in UUO+CID group, and the corresponding dose of 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in sham and UUO groups.The mice were sacrificed for sampling 7 days after UUO surgery, and their renal function indicators, liver transaminase, and cardiac markers were examined. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of renal fibrosis-related factors and inflammatory factors. Immunohistochemistry staining, Sirius red staining and Masson trichrome staining were used to detect the pathological changes of renal tissues. Results:(1) After NRK-49F cells were stimulated by TGF-β1, the mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR55 were significantly increased (both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression of fibrosis-related factors fibronectin and collagen Ⅰ, and inflammatory factors interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α between TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 + GPR55 overexpression group (all P>0.05). Compared with the TGF-β1 group, the protein expression levels of fibrosis-related factors alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, and the mRNA expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA were lower in the TGF-β1 + CID group (all P<0.05). (2) Compared with sham group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of GPR55 in UUO group were higher (both P<0.05). The serum creatinine in the UUO+CID group was lower compared to the UUO group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme between UUO group and UUO+CID group (all P>0.05). Compared with the UUO group, the protein expression levels of renal fibrosis-related factors fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ and vimentin, and the mRNA expression levels of fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and α-SMA were lower in the UUO+CID group (all P<0.05). The degree of renal tubular dilation and interstitial collagen fiber deposition in the UUO+CID group was significantly reduced compared to the UUO group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:CID16020046 can reduce serum creatinine in UUO mice, protect renal function, and simultaneously decrease the expression of fibrosis-related factors in renal fibroblasts and mouse kidney tissues, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis.