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自体动静脉内瘘（arteriovenous fistula，AVF）是维持性血液透析患者首选的血液透析血管通路。然而，由于受到各种因素影响，新建立的AVF会出现成熟不良，影响患者血管通路的使用以及透析效果。AVF成熟是临床关注的重要问题，明确AVF成熟不良的生理生化因素以及生物学机制至关重要。该文基于国内外文献，重点综述AVF成熟的生物学机制和AVF成熟的生理生化影响因素包括血管条件、性别和年龄及基础疾病等，以期为提高AVF临床成熟率及改善血液透析患者的治疗效果提供借鉴和参考。

Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access of hemodialysis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. However, due to the influence of various factors, new AVF may show immaturity, which will affect the use and dialysis effect of vascular access. AVF maturation is an important clinical concern. It is important to clarify the physiological and biochemical factors, and biological mechanisms of AVF immaturation. Based on the literature, this review focuses on the biological mechanisms of AVF maturation and the physiological and biochemical factors affecting AVF maturation, including vascular conditions, gender and age, and underlying diseases, to provide reference for improving the clinical maturation rate of AVF and the treatment effect in hemodialysis patients.