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随着靶向药物的广泛应用，癌症患者的生存率得到显著提升，但药物的不良反应也逐渐显现，特别是在眼表的不良反应可能严重影响患者的视力和生活质量。本文系统性地分析了包括表皮生长因子受体抑制剂、人表皮生长因子受体2抑制剂、成纤维细胞生长因子受体抑制剂、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、血管内皮生长因子受体抑制剂、芳香化酶抑制剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、抗体-药物偶联物、布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、FMS样酪氨酸激酶3抑制剂和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂在内的多种靶向药物，并探讨了它们在眼表的不良反应。本文强调了临床医生在监测和管理患者眼表健康中的作用，以及早期诊断和干预的重要性，以确保患者在接受抗肿瘤治疗的同时获得最佳的视觉保护。

With the extensive application of targeted drugs, the survival rate of cancer patients has been significantly improved. However, adverse reactions to the drugs have also become apparent, especially those affecting the ocular surface, which can severely impact patients′ vision and quality of life. The article systematically analyzes a variety of targeted drugs, including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 inhibitors, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, Bruton′s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitors, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and discusses their adverse reactions on the ocular surface. The review emphasizes the role of clinicians in monitoring and managing patients′ ocular surface health and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to ensure that patients receive optimal visual protection while undergoing antitumor treatment.