Abstract： Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common diseases of preterm infants.Children with BPD not only exhibited impaired lung function,poor exercise ability and airway hyper reactivity,but also long-term complications.With the introduction of high-throughput sequencing technology and the continuous development of molecular biology,although its pathogenesis has not been fully understood,the survival rate of children with BPD has been significantly improved.A deeper understanding of the occurrence and development of BPD in the preterm infants was helpful for the treatment and nursing of BPD.In this paper,the research progress of BPD related factors was reviewed from three aspects,including pulmonary endothelial vascular development,pulmonary inflammatory response and pulmonary alveoli formation,which was advantageous to explain the genetic mechanism of BPD.