Abstract： Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of rat nerve growth factor(RtNGF)combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(BMSCs exosomes)on neural injury of intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH)rats.Methods The BMSCs exo-somes were prepared for the following experiments.Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:Sham group,ICH group,ICH+RtNGF group,ICH+BMSCs exosomes group,and ICH+RtNGF+BMSCs exosomes group,with 12 rats in each group.A ICH rat model was established and RtNGF or BMSCs exosomes were treated alone or in combination.Paraffin embedded tissue sections of rat brain tissues in each group were prepared and HE staining was performed.qPCR and Immunohistochemis-try were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes in the Keap1/NQO1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.Results Significant existence of tissue lacunes and blood clots were ob-served in the ICH group rather than in the Sham group.RtNGF or/and BMSCs treatments improved that situation,and the combination of RtNGF and BMSCs exosomes treatment had the best effect on alleviating neural injury.The mRNA expression levels of Keap1,NQO1 and Nrf2 in the brain tis-sues,and the IHC relative staining scores of the three proteins in the ICH group were increased when compared with those in the Sham group(all P<0.05).The levels of the above indicators in the ICH+RtNGF group,ICH+BMSCs exosomes group,and ICH+RtNGF+BMSCs exosomes group were decreased when compared with those in the ICH group(P<0.05),with the values the lowest in the ICH+RtNGF+BMSCs exosomes group(P<0.05).Conclusion RtNGF combined with BMSCs exosomes has significant effect on reducing oxidative stress and alleviating neural injury through Keap1/NQO1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in ICH rats.