Abstract： Objective To investigate the expression of clinical significance of conjunctival smear cytology in the differ-ential diagnosis of conjunctival diseases,and to provide reference for early clinical diagnosis and intervention.Methods 68 patients with suspected conjunctivitis were retrospectively selected as the research objects.All patients underwent conjunctival scraping smear cytology and bacterial virological examination after admission.The results of clinical examination and pathogenic examination were taken as the"gold standard".The detection rates of different types of conjunctival diseases were compared.Results Among 68 suspected conjunctival diseases,52 cases were positive by clinical examination and pathogenic examination,50 cases were positive by conjunctival smear cytology examination,and 41 cases were positive by bacterial and virus culture examination.The diagnostic sensitivity,accuracy and missed diagnosis rate of conjunctival smear cytology were 73.08%(38/52),75.00%(51/68)and 7.69%(4/52),which were lower than 26.92%(14/52)of bacteria and virus culture(P<0.05).Conclusions Conjunctival smear cytology can effectively improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of conjunctival dis-ease,and can be used for early screening and diagnosis,which can assist clinical to clarify the type of conjunctival disease,and formulate targeted treatment plans,so as to give treatment as soon as possible.