Abstract： Bacteria have posed a threat to human health,and the emergence of super bacteria has made it more difficult to cure bacterial infections in clinical practice.Currently,vaccines are one of the effective means of preventing bacterial infections.With the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies in recent years in such disciplines as biology,medicine,and materials science,various innovative strategies have been provided for vaccine research and preparation.This article summarizes the status quo and prospects of innovative vaccines for treating bacterial infections in recent years,including subunit vaccines,mRNA vaccines and attenuated live vaccine in the hopes of providing data for subsequent development and research of bacterial vaccines.