Abstract： Diabetes is a common disease in China,and its complications often lead to renal microvascular damage,leading to diabetes nephropathy.Traditional Chinese medicine treats diabetes nephropathy mostly from"kidney".Professor SHI Yan,after years of clinical practice and research,combined with the collation of ancient literature,believes that spleen deficiency is the basis for diabetes nephropathy,and puts forward the theory of"balance of transportation and transmission of spleen",and believes that"the function of spleen in transporting the essence of water and grain is dysfunctional,and the essence of water and grain does not normalize into turbidity and blood stasis"is the key pathogenesis of the occurrence and development of diabetes nephropathy.The author discussed the pathogenesis,the theoretical basis,syndrome differentiation and treatment of diabetes nephropathy from ancient and modern physicians from spleen,so as to make a positive attempt for the prevention and treatment of diabetes nephrop-athy with traditional Chinese medicine.