Abstract： Objective To investigate the current status of anesthesiology departments in medical institutions of Hebei province,and provide essential data for the future development of anesthesiology.Methods We performed a cross-sectional province-wide census survey of the current status of anesthesiology departments in hospitals of secondary and higher level in Hebei province in 2020.The electronic questionnaires were issued to medical institutions through Questionnaire Star platform by clinical anesthesia quality management and control center of Hebei province.The content of the survey included human resource structure,department construction,the workload of the anesthesiologists,the obstacles of labor analgesia and etc.The survey data were collected and analyzed after questionnaire collection.Results A total of 593 medical institutions completed the questionnaires.There was a total of 4839 anesthesiologists,or 6.5 per 100,000 of the population,in Hebei province.Anesthesiologists in tertiary hospitals have higher educational background and professional qualifications than those in secondary hospitals.There is a big gap in human resources of anesthesiology among regions.Anesthesia information management system was equipped in only 10％hospitals of Hebei province.Only 20％and 35％hospitals set up anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic and PACU.Working hours of anesthesiologists in 73％hospitals were longer than 8 h per day.Medical insurance should cover the services related to labor analgesia,which was the primary problem of the promotion of labor analgesia.Conclusion In Hebei province,the overall shortage of human resources of anesthesiology is severe,the workload of anesthesiologists is heavy,the construction of anesthesia departments is insufficient,and the development of anesthesiology in different levels and different regions of hospitals is uneven.