Abstract： Objective To analyze the levels and clinical significance of interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 levels on prog-nosis in patients with iron overload and myelodysplastic syndrome.Methods The data of 150 patients with myelodysplastic syn-drome were retrospectively analyzed.According to the level of serum ferritin,the patients were divided into iron overload group(serum ferritin＞1000 ng/ml,88 cases)and non-iron overload group(serum ferritin≤1000 ng/ml,62 cases).75 healthy subjects with physical examination during the same period were selected as control group.The differences in levels of interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 were compared among the three groups.Patients in iron overload group were classified into low-risk subgroup,mid-dle-risk subgroup and high-risk subgroup according to the International Prognosis Score System(IPSS),and the differences in in-terleukin-17 and interleukin-6 levels among the three subgroups were compared.The correlation between interleukin-17 and inter-leukin-6 levels and prognosis was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient.Results There were statistical differences in the levels of interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 among the 3 groups(P＜0.05),and the levels were shown as iron overload group non-iron overload group control group.The levels of interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 in the 3 subgroups of iron overload group were statistically different(P＜0.05),and the levels were manifested as high-risk subgroup middle-risk subgroup low-risk subgroup.Spearman correlation coefficient showed that the levels of interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 were positively correlated with IPSS(P＜0.05).Conclusion Interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 levels are associated with the occurrence and development of iron over-load and myelodysplastic syndrome,and early monitoring is helpful for prognosis assessment.