Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of insulin injection in the treatment of diabetes and the effects on blood glucose levels.Methods A total of 96 diabetic children admitted to Weicheng District People's Hospital from August 2021 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects and divided into two groups according to envelope method,with 48 cases in each group.The control group was treated with short-acting insulin,and the observation group was treated with insulin detemir injection on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Both groups completed 3 months of in-tervention.The blood glucose levels,serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines levels and the incidence of adverse events of two groups were compared.Results After 3 months of intervention,the blood glucose levels of the two groups were de-creased,the levels of fasting plasma glucose,2-hour postprandial plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).After 3 months of intervention,the levels of serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the two groups were improved,the levels of interleukin-2,interleukin-4,interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Insulin detemide injection intervention in diabetic children can reduce blood glucose levels,regulate serum Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels,and help reduce the incidence of adverse events.