Abstract： AIM To observe the clinical data of patients with ventricular septal rupture(VSR)after acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to analyze short-term prognosis and related factors of these patients.METHODS 87 hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with ventricular septal perforation were included in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2010 to June 2023.According to different criteria,the study subjects were divided into an improvement group(n=46)and a death group(n=41),or a drug conservative group(n=70)and a surgical intervention group(n=17).Retrospective analysis of clinical data,comparison of in-hospital survival and death groups,and analysis of factors affecting short-term prognosis.RESULTS Compared with the improvement group,the proportion of males in the death group was lower(P<0.05),the proportion of smoking history was lower(P<0.05),the perforation size value was lower(P<0.05),the aspartate aminotransferase value was higher(P<0.01),the alanine aminotransferase value was higher(P<0.05),the creatinine value was higher(P<0.05),the troponin I value was higher(P<0.01),the NT proBNP value was higher(P<0.05),the length of hospital stay was longer(P<0.01),and the proportion of concomitant cardiogenic shock was higher(P<0.01),And the proportion of surgical operations is low(P<0.05).Compared with the drug conservative group,the surgical intervention group significantly improved the short-term prognosis:the improvement rate was high,the mortality rate was low,and the comparison between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows that cardiogenic shock is an independent risk factor for short-term mortality in VSR patients.CONCLUSION Most patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular septal rupture have a poor prognosis,and women and patients with multiple organ failure have high mortality.Cardiogenic shock is an independent risk factor for short-term mortality in VSR patients,and timely selection of surgery can improve short-term prognosis.