Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of compound polymyxin B ointment adjuvant therapy on eczema area and severity index(EASI)score and the incidence of adverse reactions in children with atopic dermatitis(AD).Methods Using the random number table method,80 children with AD who were admitted to the Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2020 to September 2023 were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with desonide cream,on this basis,the observation group was given adjuvant therapy with compound polymyxin B ointment.Clinical efficacy,EASI score,eosinophil level,inflammatory factor levels,adverse reactions,and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results The total clinical response rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(95.00%vs 80.00%,P<0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,eczema area score,eczema severity score and total EASI score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the levels of eosinophils,interleukin-4,interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(12.50%vs 5.00%,P>0.05).The recurrence rate in the control group was higher than that in the observation group(18.75%vs 2.63%,P<0.05).Conclusion Compound polymyxin B ointment adjuvant therapy is effective for children with AD.It can effectively reduce the area and severity of eczema,lower the total EASI score,improve eosinophil level,and promote rehabilitation,with good safety and a low recurrence rate.