Abstract： Objective:To investigate the chemotherapy pass rate and interleukin(IL)-17/IL-23 axis of Kanglaite injection combined with anlotinib and DC chemotherapy in the treatment of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:The clinical data of 103 NSCLC patients admitted to Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital) from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected retrospectively, and they were divided into observation group (52 cases) and control group (51 cases) based on the treatment plan. The patients in the two groups were given DC chemotherapy, and on this basis, the control group was given arotinib, while the observation group was given arotinib combined with Kanglaite injection. Three weeks′treatment was one cycle, and the two groups were treated for 3 consecutive cycles. The total clinical response rate, chemotherapy delay rate and chemotherapy pass rate after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), IL-17 and IL-23 were compared between the two groups before chemotherapy and at the end of each chemotherapy cycle. The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment was compared between the two groups, and the improvement rate of Karnofsky Performance Status Score (KPS score) after chemotherapy was compared.Results:The total clinical response rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group: 61.54%(32/52) vs. 41.18%(21/51), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.27, P<0.05). At the third cycle of chemotherapy, the delay rate of chemotherapy in the observation group was lower than that in the control group : 1.92% (1/52) vs. 15.69% (8/51), and the chemotherapy pass rate was higher than that in the control group: 92.31% (48/52) vs. 76.47% (39/51), there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 4.51, 4.92, P<0.05). The serum levels of NSE, CYFRA21-1, CEA, IL-17 and IL-23 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the first, second and third cycles of chemotherapy ( P<0.05). The incidence of myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: 19.23% (10/52) vs. 45.10% (23/51), 59.62% (31/52) vs. 86.27% (44/51), there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 7.91, 9.24, P<0.05). The improvement rate of KPS score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group after chemotherapy: 51.92% (27/52) vs. 29.41% (15/51), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 5.40, P<0.05). Conclusions:Anlotinib and DC chemotherapy combined with Kanglaite injection can effectively regulate tumor related cytokine levels, reduce adverse reactions, improve chemotherapy pass rate and treatment effect. It may be related to downregulating the IL-17/IL-23 axis.