Abstract： Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified Ligustrum lucidum and oyster decoction combined with tomoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.Methods:A total of 152 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were treated at Jinhua Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from February 2020 to June 2022 were included in this study. Using a prospective study approach, the patients were divided into two groups based on the propensity score matching method: 76 patients in the control group and 76 patients in the observation group. The control group was treated with tomoxetine hydrochloride, while the observation group received modified Ligustrum lucidum and oyster decoction combined with tomoxetine hydrochloride. Clinical treatment effects on the children were evaluated using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-version Ⅳ (SNAP-Ⅳ). Six months after treatment, the clinical efficacy of both groups was observed and compared. In addition, changes in relevant indicators from before treatment to 6 months post-treatment were compared.Results:At 2 months of treatment, the SNAP-Ⅳ scores for the control and observation groups were (24.21 ± 4.19) points and (20.75 ± 4.74) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those measured at 1 month of treatment [(32.45 ± 3.23) points, (31.56 ± 4.90) points, t = 13.57, 13.82, both P < 0.05]. At 3 months of treatment, the SNAP-Ⅳ scores for the control and observation groups were (20.56 ± 3.03) points and (17.28 ± 3.06) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those measured at 1 and 2 months of treatment ( t = 23.40, 21.54, 6.15, 5.36, all P < 0.05). At 6 months of treatment, the SNAP-Ⅳ scores for the control and observation groups were (18.34 ± 4.28) points and (13.87 ± 2.89) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those measured at 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment ( t = 22.94, 27.10, 8.54, 10.80, 3.69, 7.06, all P < 0.05). At 2, 3, and 6 months of treatment, the SNAP-Ⅳ scores for the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the respective time points ( t = 4.76, 6.64, 7.54, all P < 0.001). The total response rate in the observation group was 81.58% (62/76), which was significantly higher than that in the control group [60.53% (46/76), χ2 = 8.18, P < 0.05]. There was no significance in incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups [5.26% (4/76) vs. 9.21% (7/76), P > 0.05]. Conclusion:Modified Ligustrum lucidum and oyster decoction, when combined with atomoxetine hydrochloride, exhibits better efficacy in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children compared with atomoxetine hydrochloride alone. The combined therapy has no obvious adverse reactions.