Abstract： Objective To explore vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors among guardians of children aged 0-6 years in Chongqing.Methods We used a vaccine hesitancy scale recommended by the World Health Organization to conduct a questionnaire-based survey of vaccine hesitancy.We calculated the hesitancy rate and average vaccine hesitancy score and identified influencing factors.Results The hesitancy rate and average vaccine hesitancy score were 7.59％(233/3 069,95％CI:6.69％-8.51％)and 22.52±4.29 points.Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the vaccine hesitancy score was lowest among subjects who trusted vaccine injury insurance compensation(β=-1.40,95％CI:-1.79～-1.02)and who had a high level of knowledge about adverse reactions following vaccination(β=-1.00,95％CI:-1.44～-0.55).Conclusions Vaccine hesitancy was generally low among guardians of children in the surveyed area.We still need to strengthen health education on vaccination-related knowledge for guardians.