Abstract： Ultrasound combined with microbubbles is an emerging technology that can deliver a variety of therapeutic drugs to the brain,which can promote the proliferation of endothelial cells in brain tissue,induce angiogenesis,accelerate the clearance of Aβ amyloid plaques,enhance neurogenesis and improve cognitive function of animals through the cavitation effect,and its targets include all cells of neurovascular units involved in the formation of the blood-brain barrier.These effects have important clinical value in the treatment of brain diseases such as cerebrovascular diseases,central nervous system tumors,Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the mechanism and research progress of ultrasound combined with microbubbles on neurovascular units.