Abstract： Objective:To explore the risk factors and treatment methods for complications of foreign body retention in the digestive tract.Methods:This study was a case-control study, a total of 378 patients were selected from the department of Gastroenterology of 991st Hospital of People′s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force from March 2014 to May 2024, including 209 males and 169 females, aged (65.02±10.06) years old, the age ranging from 13 to 82 years old.A random number table was used to divide patients into complication group ( n=43) and non complication group( n=335).Collect and compare two groups of age, gender, foreign body types, retention sites, retention time and symptoms, and analyze the relevant factors for the occurrence of complications, Use a multiple regression model to analyze the risk factors for complications of gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Results:The majority of foreign body types in this group were sharp[66.7%(252/378)], and the most retention sites was the upper esophagus[38.6%(146/378)], with 43 cases experienced complications.Multivariate regression analysis showed that, aged≥60 years old( OR=0.483, 95 CI: 0.287 to 0.812), with sharp foreign bodies( OR=0.524, 95 CI: 0.312 to 0.878), upper esophageal foreign bodies( OR=2.277, 95 CI: 1.336 to 3.881), retention time >24 h( OR=0.481, 95 CI: 0.275 to 0.842) were the influencing factors for the occurrence of complications. Conclusions:Irregular treatment the foreign bodies in the digestive tract can cause serious complications.Patients aged≥60 years old, with sharp foreign bodies, upper esophageal foreign bodies, and retention time >24 h are prone to complications.It is recommended to remove them as early as possible.