Abstract： Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)is the most common complication of herpes zoster,characterized by a burning or electric-shock like pain at the site of the blister.It often leads to adverse effects such as sleep disorders,anxiety,and depression.Patients with PHN have reduced quality of life,physical functioning,and psychological well-being,resulting in a health care and economic burdens at both the individual and societal levels.The frequencies of postherpetic neuralgia increase with age.Botulinum toxin A(BTX-A)is a neurotoxic protein that has been shown to significantly alleviate PHN and improve patient quality of life.However,the mechanism has not been elucidated.This review will discuss current research progress on the effectiveness,safety,and mechanism of BTX-A in the treatment of PHN,hoping to provide assistance and guidance for clinical doctors.