Abstract： Since the establishment of cancer registration in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the 1970s,it has gone through four stages of initial germination,exploration and consolidation,normative monitoring,and rapidly developed.From the difficult mapping and exploration of three retrospective surveys on the causes of death to the gradual establishment of a follow-up monitoring system,cancer registration has become an important part of cancer prevention and control in In-ner Mongolia.A solid foundation has been laid for building a effective cancer prevention and con-trol defense line in the northern China.This paper reviews the evolution of cancer spectrum,the establishment and achievements of cancer registration and follow-up monitoring system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Cancer surveillance will assist health and wellness decision-making,this paper also reflects and looks forward to the further development of cancer registration and its more important roles for cancer prevention and control in the future.