Abstract： [Purpose]To analyze the results of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in rural areas of Inner Mongolia from 2018 to 2023.[Methods]Upper gastrointestinal cancer screening program was conducted among residents aged 40～69 years old from 4 rural project sites in Inner Mongolia selected by cluster sampling method from 2018 to 2023.The detected malignant tumors and pre-cancerous lesions were treated and confirmed by pathological examination.[Results]A total of 14 492 residents were screened for upper gastrointestinal cancers in rural areas of Inner Mongolia from 2018 to 2023.The detection rate,early diagnosis rate and treatment rate were 1.52％,49.32％and 72.40％,respectively.There was no significant difference in detection rate,early diagnosis rate and treatment rate for different years(all P＞0.05).The detection rate,early diagnosis rate,and treatment rate in the stomach were higher than those in the esophagus and cardia(all P＜0.001).[Conclusion]The upper gastrointestinal cancer screening program can detect early-stage cancer,mainly in the stomach,but the early diagnosis rate and treatment rate are low in rural areas of Inner Mongolia,so it is necessary to further strengthen technical training and publicity and educa-tion to improve the screening effect.