Abstract： [Purpose]To survey the awareness of cancer prevention knowledge among residents of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.[Methods]A total of 271 497 valid questionnaires were ob-tained from 12 cities across the autonomous region using network convenience sample.The aware-ness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and control among the participants and influencing factors was analyzed.[Results]The overall awareness rate of core knowledge on cancer prevention and control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 70.40％,70.70％for women and 69.76％for men,and the awareness rate in urban areas(75.39％)was higher than that in rural areas(67.17％).The awareness rate was higher in Hohhot(85.84％)than that in other cities,and the lowest was in Xing'an League(61.78％).The awareness rate in Manchu ethnic group(72.76％)was higher than that in other ethnic groups.The lowest awareness rate was found in the age group under 25 years old(68.37％),and the highest in the group of 45～64 years old(71.90％).The highest awareness rate(70.94％)was found among residents who smoked every day,and the lowest rate(67.62％)was found among those who quit smoking.The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that sex,age group,ethnicity,educational level,occupation,family history,smoking status,areas(urban or rural),and self-awareness of health were all factors influencing the awareness of the core knowledge on cancer prevention and control.[Conclusion]The overall awareness rate of core knowledge on cancer prevention and control among the residents of the Inner Mongolia Au-tonomous Region has reached the expectation of 70％by 2022 as required by the Healthy China Initiative.In order to reach the goal of 80％by 2030,it is necessary to continue to strengthen publicity and education for the key populations and areas.