Abstract： With the rapid development and widespread application of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes has gradually increased, with preterm birth being a prominent issue. Compared to pregnant women with natural conceptions, those undergoing IVF-ET treatment face an elevated risk of preterm birth. This article will discuss the relationship between IVF-ET and preterm birth, investigating various risk factors that contribute to an increased risk of preterm birth in IVF-ET pregnancies, including multiple pregnancies, cervical or uterine procedures, female infertility factors, placenta previa, and premature rupture of membranes. In response to these risk factors, the paper summarizes a series of preventive and treatment measures, aiming to provide a new perspective for reducing the risk of preterm birth in IVF-ET pregnancies.