Abstract： Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation(CSCIWFD)in adults is a condition in which the cervical spinal cord is injured by an external force to the cervical spine,but the cervical spine itself is not fractured or dislocated on X-ray films or CT.Since CSCIWFD is caused by a second-strike injury to the body,with a compression formed by spinal cord edema and ligamentous hematoma,signs of neurological function impairment that may not appear until several days after the injury which often cause incomplete or complete paralysis,thus resulting in chronic pain and loss of work.Inadequate treatment in the early stages of injury can exacerbate delayed neurological deficits,seriously offecting the patients'quality of life and life expectancy.Currently,there are problems related to the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD,such as the of clinical manifestations varying severity,complex mechanism of injury,high rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,and controversial treatment methods.Besides,standardized diagnostic and treatment regimens,multimodal diagnostic approach,and individualized treatment plans should be adopted to improve the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effects and maximize the prognosis of patients.In this regard,the authors discussed the clinical characteristics and key issues requiring urgent attention in the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.