Abstract： Objective:To explore the flight adaptability of the senior military flying cadets with small-diopter exotropia treated by surgery and the principles of aeromedical assessment.Methods:Two cases of senior military flying cadets with exotropia were analyzed on clinical diagnosis, treatment, and aeromedical assessment. The related literatures were reviewed and the suggestions for aeromedical assessment were put forward.Results:Two cases were diagnosed as small-diopter exotropia, and no contraindications were found in ophthalmic examination. They received corrective surgery. Three months later, the recheck showed that their primary position of eye and visual acuity were normal, tertiary visual function was in the normal range, and the degree of strabismus was in the standard. According to the pilot′s physical examination standard, the pilots were qualified for flight. They normally participated in the flight training with original aircraft type, and the regular ophthalmic examination showed that they were within normal range.Conclusions:For the senior military flying cadets with small-diopter exotropia and treated by surgery qualification could be decided in case of such conditions as standard visual acuity, no diplopia, normal tertiary visual function, strabismus is less than 10 Δ, and the stable condition maintained for more than 3 months are fulfilled. Operation is an effective method to treat minor exotropia in senior flying cadets.