Abstract： With the rapid development of medical technology, the current surgical treatment of awakening has brought hope to the survival of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DoC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A systematic, comprehensive and accurate evaluation should be performed before the operation to predict the recovery of patients after operation. The surgical technique is determined by the patient's state and the results of preoperative evaluation. This article reviews the evaluation and surgical methods of surgical treatment for chronic DoC after TBI.