Abstract： Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by high incidence, high disability and high mortality. Neuroinflammatory response plays an important role in the pathological process of secondary brain injury. Moderate neuroinflammatory response can promote the removal of cell debris after tissue injury and accelerate the repair of injured neurons, but excessive neuroinflammatory response can also aggravate cell injury and lead to neurological symptoms and neurodegeneration. The inflammasome is a protease complex that is an important component of the neuroinflammatory response. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on inflammasome, inflammasome has been considered as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for TBI. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome in TBI and its potential as a new generation biomarker and therapeutic target in TBI.