Abstract： Objective:To retrospectively analyze the effect of occupational therapy on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:A total of 62 patients with NSCLC admitted to our hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected. Among them, 30 patients were treated with routine pulmonary function rehabilitation training after surgery as the control group, and 32 patients were treated with occupational therapy for 3 months on the basis of that as the observation group. The pulmonary function such as forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum ventilation (MVV) were detected before and after treatment in the two groups. The 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) was measured. The activities of daily living scale (ADL) was used to evaluate the living ability of the two groups. The compliance rate of health behavior of the two groups was counted. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) was used to evaluate the quality of life of the two groups before and after treatment.Result:The FVC of the observation group before treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment were (1.34±0.19) L, (1.82±0.21) L and (2.36±0.24)L, respectively. The FVC of the control group before treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment were (1.33±0.18)L, (1.39±0.25) L and (1.83±0.22) L, respectively. The FVC of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The PEF of the observation group before treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment were (165.28±33.07) L/min, (195.30±31.27) L/min and (230.64±38.18) L/min, respectively. The PEF of the control group before treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment were (163.90±30.25) L/min, (170.25±29.53) L/min and (194.48±35.03) L/min, respectively. The PEF of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The MVV of the observation group before treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment were (47.19±9.92) L, (58.43±10.35) L and (68.19±13.05) L, respectively. The MVV of the control group before treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment were (46.02±8.36) L, (50.21±9.27) L and (58.34±11.14) L, respectively. The MVV of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the 6MWD of the observation group (438.83±38.22) m was significantly higher than that of the control group (389.36±36.24) m(P<0.05); After treatment, the ADL score of the observation group (63.65±2.94) was significantly higher than that of the control group (59.83±2.15), P<0.05; After treatment, the compliance rate of health behavior in the observation group (81.25%, 87.50%, 84.38%, 90.63%, 84.38%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (63.33%, 73.33%, 66.67%, 76.67%, 66.67%), P<0.05. After treatment, the FACT-L score of the observation group was significantly improved compared with the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Occupational therapy can effectively improve the effect of postoperative pulmonary function rehabilitation training in patients with NSCLC and improve the quality of life of patients, which has certain clinical promotion value.